When it comes to buying a home, the search process can be both thrilling and overwhelming, especially for first-time homebuyers. From considering the location and price to assessing structural concerns and potential red flags, there’s a lot to take into account. Knowing what to look for when purchasing a house can help you avoid unexpected expenses and select a home that suits your requirements.
In this insightful Redfin Real Estate article, we will outline the essential factors to consider when buying a house, equipping you with the right questions to ask as you embark on your homebuying journey. Whether you’re in the market for a home in Irvine, CA, or looking for a house in Denver, CO, continue reading to discover the top features and warning signs to keep in mind throughout the process.
1. Foundation and structure issues to look for when buying a house
One of the most critical aspects to assess when buying a house is the condition of its foundation and structure. Without a solid foundation, even the most stunning kitchen or spacious backyard loses its appeal. Structural issues can impact safety, resale value, and lead to costly repairs running into thousands of dollars. During a home tour, pay close attention to subtle signs of movement or water damage that could indicate foundation issues.
What to look for:
- Cracks in walls or floors: Hairline cracks are usually cosmetic, but wider, stair-step, or horizontal cracks may indicate serious problems.
- Uneven floors: Drop a marble or small ball and observe if it rolls across the room. Sloping floors often indicate settling.
- Doors and windows that don’t close properly: If they stick or won’t latch, the home may be shifting unevenly.
- Water pooling around the foundation: Standing water near the base of the home suggests poor drainage, which can lead to structural damage over time.
2. Roof condition
Another crucial aspect to consider when purchasing a house is the condition and age of the roof. A deteriorating roof doesn’t just mean a costly replacement; it can result in leaks, mold growth, and damage to ceilings and walls inside the house. Given that roof replacements are expensive, it’s vital to determine their age and condition early on in your search and understand what to look for when buying a house.
Buyer’s checklist:
- Age of the roof: Asphalt shingles typically last 20–25 years. Tile, slate, and metal roofs can have a longer lifespan but still require inspections.
- Visible wear: Look for curling edges, missing shingles, or bald patches on the roof.
- Signs of leaks: Inspect attic ceilings for water stains, damp insulation, or mold growth.
- Gutters and flashing: Rust, sagging gutters, or missing flashing can allow water to infiltrate the home.
Tip: Request maintenance or warranty records – some modern roofing systems come with transferable warranties that could save you money if a replacement is necessary.
3. Plumbing issues to look for when buying a house
Plumbing is a hidden system that buyers often overlook until problems arise. Leaks, corrosion, and outdated pipes can lead to water damage and costly repairs. Even during a brief home viewing, there are ways to assess whether a home’s plumbing is in good condition.
What to test during a showing:
- Water pressure: Turn on faucets and showers to check for consistent, strong water flow.
- Leaks and moisture: Look under sinks, around toilets, and near the water heater for signs of dampness or mold growth.
- Pipe materials: Copper and PEX are standard today; galvanized steel is outdated and prone to corrosion.
- Water heater age: Most water heaters last 8–12 years. Signs of rust, loud noises, or inconsistent heating are red flags.
- Sewer lines: In homes built before 1980, consider a sewer scope inspection to check for tree root intrusion or collapsed pipes.
4. Electrical systems
Electrical systems are a crucial safety concern and should be included in your house hunting checklist. An outdated electrical system can pose both a safety risk and an insurance issue. Electrical fires remain a common cause of home damage, so it’s essential to ensure that the home’s wiring meets current codes.
What to look for when buying a house:
- Breaker panel condition: A modern, labeled breaker panel is ideal. Fuse boxes may not meet current safety standards.
- Grounded outlets: Two-prong outlets indicate older wiring. Use an outlet tester to verify grounding.
- Signs of overloading: Flickering lights, buzzing switches, or warm outlets may indicate overloaded circuits.
- Wiring type: Aluminum or knob-and-tube wiring, common in mid-20th-century homes, can be a fire risk and limit insurance coverage.
Tip: If the home’s electrical system hasn’t been updated in decades, budget for a professional inspection and potential rewiring, which can cost between $8,000 and $15,000.
5. HVAC and major systems to look for when buying a house
Heating and cooling systems significantly impact your comfort and budget. They are also among the costliest systems to repair or replace. Understanding the condition of the furnace, air conditioner, and ductwork before purchasing can save you from unexpected expenses.
Key questions for sellers:
- How old is the furnace and AC? (15+ years is approaching end-of-life.)
- When was the last professional service conducted?
- Does the house heat and cool evenly?
- Are ducts properly sealed and insulated?
- What is the average energy bill for the home?
Don’t forget to inquire about major appliances included in the sale. Energy-efficient models not only reduce costs but may also qualify for tax incentives or rebates.
6. Windows, doors, and insulation
Drafty windows and inadequate insulation can significantly impact energy bills, making them crucial elements to consider when buying a house. As utility expenses rise, energy efficiency becomes more critical than ever.
What to check:
- Window quality: Double- or triple-pane glass provides better insulation. Condensation between panes indicates seal failure.
- Door fit: Exterior doors should close tightly without gaps or drafts.
- Insulation: Attics should have a minimum of 12 inches of insulation. Check crawlspaces and basements for insulation as well.
- Weather stripping: Worn or absent seals around windows and doors are easy fixes but worth noting.
Tip: Request 12 months of utility bills. Spikes in heating or cooling costs can indicate inadequate insulation or inefficient systems.
7. Signs of water damage and mold to look for when buying a house
Water damage is one of the costliest issues homeowners can encounter, while mold poses health risks often concealed behind fresh paint or cosmetic updates.
Red flags:
- Musty odors: Particularly in basements, crawlspaces, or bathrooms.
- Ceiling or wall stains: Brown or yellow marks typically indicate past or ongoing leaks.
- Warped or soft floors: Moisture trapped beneath flooring can cause wood to warp.
- Visible mold: Often found around windows, in corners, or near HVAC vents.
If you notice any of these signs, it is highly recommended to seek a professional inspection. With flooding becoming more prevalent, it’s essential to determine if your home is located in a flood zone. Properties in high-risk flood zones necessitate flood insurance, separate from standard homeowners insurance, potentially increasing upfront costs based on flood risk.
8. Pest and rodent problems
Pests such as termites, carpenter ants, and rodents can cause significant damage before detection. Additionally, they can compromise the safety and sanitation of the home.
What to look for when buying a house:
- Termite signs: Mud tubes along foundation walls, hollow-sounding wood, or sagging floors.
- Rodents: Droppings in basements, attics, or pantries.
- Carpenter ants: Small piles of sawdust-like debris near wood trim.
- Entry points: Gaps in siding, vents, or rooflines that allow pests to enter.
Tip: In areas prone to termites, always request a wood-destroying insect inspection as part of your purchase agreement.
9. Neighborhood and location factors
A home goes beyond its physical structure. The surrounding neighborhood plays a significant role in your quality of life, daily commute, and the property’s future value.
“The most important aspects buyers should focus on are location and interior square footage,” says Joanna Jimenez, a realtor with The Opes Group at Compass in Miami, FL. “Construction costs are on the rise, so investing